Irrigation refers to the process of applying controlled quantity of water to plants at regular intervals. The act of using artificial means to supply water to crops has been in existence for several centuries now. Some of the earliest civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and the Roman Empire thrived on their ability to irrigate crops to boost agricultural productivity.
A lot of changes have been made to the old methods that were used to irrigate. Modern methods are driven by technology and are more effective. The advancements in methods of irrigation have also led to an addition to the uses of irrigation. Besides supporting plant growth, lands are also irrigated to maintain the landscape. Golf course irrigation is an example where irrigating is done for the purpose of landscape maintenance as opposed to supporting the growth and development of crops.
Irrigation is also done to revegetate soils in dry areas, which have been disturbed and to suppress the growth of weeds. In addition, lands are irrigated to offer plants protection from frost and to prevent soils from consolidating. Systems used for irrigating may also be used for other purposes such as disposing sewage and suppressing dust in mining and other operations.
So far, three types of methods of irrigating land have been invented. These methods are in-ground irrigating, sub-surface irrigating, and surface irrigating. The commonest of all the three methods is surface irrigating. One of the main subtypes of surface irrigating is the use of sprinklers. Sprinklers are very efficient and convenient, which makes them to be used widely on golf courses.
Sub surface irrigating is almost never used on courses because of the way it works. In this method of irrigating, the water table is usually raised to irrigate the land. Water from the water table moistens the soil below the root zone. Drainage infrastructure is usually incorporated to control how much moisture is made available to the soil from the water table. This method is predominately used on river courses and permanent grasslands in lowlands.
In-ground irrigating system has all the components used for supplying water buried in the ground. Some of these components include pipes, emitters, sprinklers, and irrigating valves. Burying these components makes the landscape cleaner and more presentable. However, the fact that the components are buried below the ground makes maintenance and repair challenging. The landscape may have to be damaged during maintenance.
The irrigating system is subdivided into zones that are connected to each other via tubes and pipes. The reason for subdividing the irrigating system is to attain a given level of pressure in the system. Courses are usually very large and supplying the whole field with water at once would lead to significantly low pressure. Thus, applying water to each zone differently helps to keep the pressure high.
The supply of water in each zone is controlled through a solenoid valve. The control of the water is achieved through an irrigation controller. Which zone is irrigated and how long the water is supplied are usually determined by the irrigating controller.
A lot of changes have been made to the old methods that were used to irrigate. Modern methods are driven by technology and are more effective. The advancements in methods of irrigation have also led to an addition to the uses of irrigation. Besides supporting plant growth, lands are also irrigated to maintain the landscape. Golf course irrigation is an example where irrigating is done for the purpose of landscape maintenance as opposed to supporting the growth and development of crops.
Irrigation is also done to revegetate soils in dry areas, which have been disturbed and to suppress the growth of weeds. In addition, lands are irrigated to offer plants protection from frost and to prevent soils from consolidating. Systems used for irrigating may also be used for other purposes such as disposing sewage and suppressing dust in mining and other operations.
So far, three types of methods of irrigating land have been invented. These methods are in-ground irrigating, sub-surface irrigating, and surface irrigating. The commonest of all the three methods is surface irrigating. One of the main subtypes of surface irrigating is the use of sprinklers. Sprinklers are very efficient and convenient, which makes them to be used widely on golf courses.
Sub surface irrigating is almost never used on courses because of the way it works. In this method of irrigating, the water table is usually raised to irrigate the land. Water from the water table moistens the soil below the root zone. Drainage infrastructure is usually incorporated to control how much moisture is made available to the soil from the water table. This method is predominately used on river courses and permanent grasslands in lowlands.
In-ground irrigating system has all the components used for supplying water buried in the ground. Some of these components include pipes, emitters, sprinklers, and irrigating valves. Burying these components makes the landscape cleaner and more presentable. However, the fact that the components are buried below the ground makes maintenance and repair challenging. The landscape may have to be damaged during maintenance.
The irrigating system is subdivided into zones that are connected to each other via tubes and pipes. The reason for subdividing the irrigating system is to attain a given level of pressure in the system. Courses are usually very large and supplying the whole field with water at once would lead to significantly low pressure. Thus, applying water to each zone differently helps to keep the pressure high.
The supply of water in each zone is controlled through a solenoid valve. The control of the water is achieved through an irrigation controller. Which zone is irrigated and how long the water is supplied are usually determined by the irrigating controller.
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